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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY OONCERN:

Be it known that l, ADAM WEBER, of thel city, county, and State of New York, have inrented a new and useful Improvement in Kilns for lie-burning and Purifying Bone Charcoal for Sugar Refining; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in theA art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specifieaf tion, in which- Figure 1 is a central longitudinal vertical section of my kiln of single rctorts, taken in the line .fr x, iig. 2.

Figure 2, a partial horizontal section, taken in the lincy y, iig. 1,' and partial top view of same.

Figure 3, a transverse vertical section, taken in the line w w, g. 2, showing two contiguous kilns,

Figure 4, a central longitudinal section of a kiln of double retorts, taken in the line :v zr, iig. 7.

Figure 5, a vertical transverse section, taken in the line y 3/ of iig. 7.

Figure 6, a front View.

Figure 7, a horizontal section, taken inthe line 'u' w, iig. 4.

Figure 8, a horizontal section, taken in the liu'e ee, iig. 4.

Figure 9, a partial section of a kiln, taken in the line w zo, lig. T.

Figures 10 and 11, details of the retort socket.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts.

This invention relates to improvements in the construction of kilns for rc-burning and purifying boneblack or bone charcoal, which has been used in the reiiningpof sugar and become charged with vegetable matter, so as to destroy its filtering property, and consists of building kilns with single or double fire-clay retorts, and {ire-brick supported on iron columns, bed-plates, and gir-ders, dispensing entirelyr with solid walls, for the purpose of exposing the iron Coolers to free currents of fresh air, and ecenouiizing in the cost of construction. The retorts are so arranged in relation to each other and the {irc-fines between and around them that the hen-t from the furnace is diffused equallyr over their entire surfaces, and retained wholly in contact with the retorts until it escapes through outlets into chambers 'under a drying-hoor or directly into the chimney. By my improved mode of construction the lower ends of the retcrts are set in cast-iron sockets7 which project through the bed-plate of the kiln for attaching thereto the sheet-iron coolers, and the upper ends of the rctorts are so formed ae to dispense with the iron separating bars in ordinary usc. And the iron coolers are suspended, by means of hanging rods, instead of being support-ed upon flange-irons in the walls of kilns, as counnonly constructed The advantages of my improved construction of bone-black kilns are cheapnessin building und durability in`use, while they are more effective in operation by the equalization of thc heat around the retorts iu such manner that the charcoal is more thoroughly penetrated with the heat and purified, and by the free circulation of fresh air under the kiln and around the iron coolers in such manner that the heated charcoal more speedily cooled and discharged, thus burning and passing the bone charcoal through the kiln after the vegetable matter has been entirely expelledi '.lhe plan is also convenient for the workmen, who can pass between the iron columns that support the furnace to got at and discharge the coolers, which cannot bc done with kilns built onzthe old plan with supporting walls instead of columns. Y

A A are cast-iron columns, upon the caps of which rest iron bed-plates a a for the support of the kiln, which columns are placed under the front and under the middle of the bed-plates ,t a; or, when girders are used, es hereinafter described, the middle columns maybe dispensed with. 'lhe foundation of thc kiln in the rear may be either columns or a wall, B, as shown in the drawings, figs. 1 4.

C is 4a furnace in the centre of the kiln, ruiming from 'ront to rear, and a series of rctorts is placed on eachsidc of the furnace. lhc retorts are made of Vlire-clay in an elongated or fiat oval shape sectionally, and are either single or double. For `small kilns single rctorts arc used, and for large kilns double retorts. Both kinds are shown in the drawings, and the special adaptations of cach kind hereinafter described.

D D, fig. 3, represent the single, and .E E', figs. 5-9, the double retorts. The lower ends oi' the retorts are each set in a cast-iron collar-scat or hollow socket, I), seen in detail, kiigs. 10,11, which socket shoulders upon and passes through the bed-plate a and projects below fur enough to form a neck, on which the lupper end of o. sheet-iron cooler, F, is slipped over in the manner of stovepipe joints. The series of sheetniron coolers F thus attached to the sockets b b under the series of retorts on one side of a kiln is supported by hanging rods c c, which run from front to rear in sections under the coolers, and are suspended by hangers d d, which are fastened above to the bed-plate a, as shown in figs. 1-4. The upper ends of the retorts are covered with iron cap-plates e on the top of the kiln in the usual way; but the iron rods in common use to' separate the upper ends of the retorts are dispensed with by forming collars or flanges g g, figs. 3, 5, 9, around the mouth of the retort under the cap-plates e, which touch at the edges of the adjoining retorts, and are sealed with tire-clay cement.

Fire-brick walls, G G, are built upon the bed-plates r1 a on the outside ofthe series of retorts, as also walls GVG on the front and rear ends of the kiln, and the outside walls G of a kiln form party walls when two or more kilns are built side by side with the bed-pla-tes'a a of the two kilns resting jointly on one column, as shown in sg. e. l

The fire-chamber H is made offrebrick blocks laid up in shapes to form groinedy arches I I, which spring from the ends and middle of the bed-plates a a on both sides of the furnace, as shown in longitudinal section of the fire-chamber in figs. 1-4, and transversal section, figs. 3-5. This arrangement of groined arches to form the fire-chamber allows the flames and products of combustion to pass directly from the body of the pipe-chamber 'or body of the furnace against and between the sides of the lower parts of the retorts, as shown clearly in the drawings. y

The spaces between the single retorts D D are closed by narrow fire-clay partitions h L formed upon the adjacent retorts, which are joined to the upper corner of the arches on each side of the furnace and slope downward diagonally to the opposite or outer sides of the retorts nearly to the bottom thereof, leaving only spaces .7c c for the passage of the products of combustion, which, after rising between the rctorts to the partitions la h, are directed downwards by them and thus directed behind the retorts, as shown in g. 3. The partitions k it, at their lower ends, extend across a line space, m, on the back side of the retorts to the side wall G, joining and resting upon blocks or bricks It t projecting from the wall. Thus the passage of the flame is cut olf and directed upward against the narrow sides of the retorts throughout the fire-space m between them andthe wall G, and thence between theretorts against their flat sides back to the opposite or inner side of the retorts, where it enters the lower tier of horizontal lues K K over the fire-chamber H, and through them to and through the upper tier of ues K K', and thence directly to the smoke stack, as shown in figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or to the floors of drying-rooms, as indicated in red., iig. 1. The chambers K K over the tire-chamber are provided with dampers n 7 1. at opposite ends to regulate the draught and heat applied to the retorts.

The double retorts E E are constructed and arranged differently from the single retorts for diffusing the hea-t equally over their surfaces. The upper ends of the lower sections E of the double retorts are made with flange rims n u that form sockets for receiving the lower ends of' the upper sections E in the same manner as drain pipes are connected. These rims or heads n v unite and fill the spaces between the retorts, as shown in i'g. 9,a.ud thus form partitions, which cut off the spaces between the upper from those of the lower sections of the double retorts. Now, the flame and products of combustion pass directly between the lower sections of the double retorts E in the same manner as between the lower portions of the single retorts below the partitions i h, and are diffused over their surfaces equally before they'cau escape at the back side through fire-spaces k c at the bottom under fire-brick blocks w w, which project from the side walls and fill up the spaces in the back part of the retorts above the fire-spaces k k up to the heads o o of the retorts, as shown in figs. 7-9. The products of combustion pass from the fire-spaces k k up on the back sides ofthe retorts to the spaces m between the double retorts and the side walls G, and circulate equally between the upper sections of the retorts; they then enter and pass through the horizontal iiues K K', either direct to the chimney or to the drying-floors, as herein-v before described.

An iron ash-pan, L, is suspended under the furnace and kept supplied with water to catch the ashes and prevent dust, and also to increase combustion, by the steam arising therefrom.`

The caps of the central iron columns A, figs. 3-5, are shorter than the outside columns A, and support angle-iron gil-ders pp, which support the fire-brick sides q q of the furnace, and the bearers r r of the gratc-bar.. These girderspp are bolted in front to ila-t side-plates s s cast on the heads of the columns, which extend up.;

and set under the inner sides ofthe bed-plates z; fr for their support.

The girderspp extend from the front to the rear of the kiln, where their ends rest in the rear foundation wall B. Girders p are also placed on the outer sides ofthe kiln, resting in front on the columns A, and in the rear in the wall B. By the use of these girders the middle columns under the kiln may be dispensed with, and they may be strengthened with ribs M below, as shown in fig. 1.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desireto secure byLetters Patent, is-

1. The columns A', having cast upon their,upper ends the plates s, in combination with the angle-plates p p supporting the {ire-bricks q q, the bed-plates a a, and ash-pan L, substantially as described for the purpose specified. v

2. The arrangement of the inclined partitions It 7L between the single retorts D D and cast upon them, and

vbetween the fire-spaces c and m `m in the rear of said retorts, substantially as described for the purpose specified.

3. The horizontal fire-dues K K and danipers n n., in combination with the retorts, substantially as' described for the purposes specied.

4. The hangingurodst1 extending in sections from front to rear under the coolers, and suspended from the plate a by means of the hangers d, arranged to support a series of retorts as herein set forth for the purpose specified.

5. The suspended iron ash-pan L, in combination with the furnace C, substantially as described for tho purpose specified.

6;v The zmges v castupon the upper ends of the lower sections of the retoits E, arranged in suh a manner as to form partitions between the upper retorts and lower retoits E and E', 'substantially as described for the purpose specified.

The above speeication of my invention signed by me this 27th dey of February, 1867.

ADAM 'WEBER Witnesses:

WM. F. MCNAMARA, ALEX. F. ROBERTS. 

